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TITLE 31

Notes on TITLE 31

THIS TITLE WAS ENACTED BY PUB. L. 97-258, SEC. 1, SEPT. 13, 1982, 96 STAT. 877

Subtitle Sec. I. General 101 II. The Budget Process 1101 III. Financial Management 3101 IV. Money 5101 V. General Assistance Administration 6101 VI. Miscellaneous 9101

Table Showing Disposition of All Sections of Former Title 31
Title 31 Former SectionsTitle 31 New Sections
1Rep.
2701, 1101
11(a)1105
11(b), (c)1106
11(d)-(f)1105
11(g) (1st-3d sentences)1106
11(g) (last sentence)-(i) (1st sentence)1105
11(i) (last sentence), (j)1108
11(k)(1)1105
11(k)(2)1113
11 note1105
11a1109
11bT. 2 Sec. 661
11c1110
11d1104
12Rep.
131105
141107
151108
16 (1st sentence)501
16 (2d, 3d sentences)502
16 (last sentence related to preparation of budgets and appropriations)1104
16 (last sentence related to appropriations request)1108
16a502
16bRep.
16c502
17(a) (related to employees)521
17(a) (related to expenses)522
17(b), (c)Rep.
18, 18a1111
18b1104
18c1112
191105
201113
211104
22-241108
251105
26Rep.
271103
281114
41702
42(a) (1st sentence words before comma)702
42(a) (1st sentence words after comma, last sentence), (b)703
42a703
43 (1st par.)703
43 (2d par. 1st, 2d, 4th, last sentences)772
43 (2d par. 3d sentence)779
43 (3d par.)772
43 (last par.)775
43a703
43b(a)-(c)773
43b(d), (e)774
43b(f)776
43b(g)771
43b(h)778
43b(i), (j) (less last 13 words before colon)775
43b(j) (last 13 words before colon)776
43b(k)775
43b(l), (m)776
43b(n), (o)774
43b(p)771
43b(q)773
43b(r)779
43c777
44 (1st sentence)711, 731, 3301, 3323, 3324, 3521, 3522, 3526, 3529, 3531, 3541, 3702, (See Sec. 2(b) of Pub. L. 97-258)
44 (2d, last sentences)3526
45Rep.
46704
46a to 48Rep.
493511
49a5120
50, 51Rep.
51-1702
51a, 52(a), (b)731
52(c), (d)711
52-1 (related to appointment, pay and assignment)731
52-1 (related to direct)711
52-2732
52-3(a)-(d)751
52-3(e)-(g)752
52-3(h)753
52-3(i)754
52-3(j), (k)753
52-3(l)755
52-3(m)753
52-4(a)733
52-4(b)731
52-5732
52-6735
52-7736
52aRep.
52b, 52c731
53(a) (1st sentence words before 5th comma)712
53(a) (1st sentence words after 5th comma, last sentence)719
53(b)712
53(c)-(e)719
53(f)718
54716
55Rep.
56731
57, 58Rep.
59, 60 (1st sentence)712
60 (last sentence)719
61715
65(a)-(e)Rep.
65(f)3511
65a3501
65b3521
66(a)3511
66(b) (less Treasury Department)3512
66(b) (related to Treasury Department)3513
66(c)3512
66a3512
66b3513
66c3326
66d3514
67(a)-(c)3523
67(d)(1)-(3)713
67(d)(4)719
67(e)(1)-(5), (7)714
67(e)(6)(A)719
67(e)(6)(B)718
67(f)3524
689501
68a9503
68b9504
68c, 68d9502
71 (related to accounts)3526
71 (related to claims)3702
71a3702
72, 73Rep.
74 (1st, 2d pars., last par. words after 4th comma)3526
74 (last par. words before 4th comma)3529
753521
76 (1st, last sentences)3324
76 (2d, 3d sentences)3323
773323
783522
79Rep.
80-80c3522
813522
823521
82a3325
82a-1, 82a-23527
82b3325
82b-13521
82c3528
82d (words before semicolon)3541
82d (words after semicolon)3529
82e (related to 31:82b)3325
82e (related to 31:82c)3528
82e (related to 31:82d)3529
82f (related to disbursing officers)3325
82f (related to certifying officers)3528
82g (related to disbursing officers)3322
82g (related to certifying officers)3528
82hT. 7 Sec. 1032a
82i3526
82j to 82pRep.
83, 84Rep.
85T. 48 Sec. 1469-1
863702
87, 88Rep.
89-923531
93, 94Rep.
95T. 10 Sec. 4842
95a3527
95b (related to Army, Navy, Air Force)T. 10 Sec. 2777
95b (related to State Department)T. 22 Sec. 2668
96-102Rep.
103T. 10 Sec. 2778
103aT. 10 Sec. 2773
103bT. 10 Sec. 2773
104T. 10 Sec. 7861
105Rep.
106T. 10 Sec. 7862
1073526
107aRep.
108T. 10 Sec. 7231
109-116Rep.
117711
118-121Rep.
1223702
123 (words before 1st proviso)3329
123 (provisos)3330
124 (1st par.)3329
124 (last par.)3330
125 (1st par.)3329
125 (last par.)3330
1263329
127321
1283329
129-1313712
1323328
133Rep.
1343328
1353525
141301
142-146Rep.
147 (less disbursement)3301
147 (related to disbursement)3323
148-154Rep.
155(See former 1003)
1563333
157327
161, 162Rep.
163329
164-166Rep.
171303
172, 173Rep.
1745144
1755155
176Rep.
1775114
178, 179Rep.
1805141
1815143
181 note5142
181a5142
181b, 181c5141
181d, 181eRep.
191, 1923713
1939309
194Rep.
1953715
196-199Rep.
200(a)1501
200(b), (c)1108
200(d)1502
200(e)1501
201, 202Rep.
2033727
204-206Rep.
2073714
208-214Rep.
2153723
215aRep.
216, 2173723
218-224Rep.
224a, 224a note3725
224b, 224b note3724
224c to 226Rep.
2273728
228Rep.
229T. 2 Sec. 190l
230T. 2 Sec. 190m
2313729
232(A)-(E)3730
232(F)3731
2333730
234Rep.
2353731
236, 2373702
237a3712
238, 238 note3722
2393727
240(1), (2), (4)3701
240(3)3721
241(a)-(d)3721
241(e)Rep.
241(f)3721
242-243a3721
243a note3721
2443726
251 (1st sentence words after 1st comma)5131
251 (less 1st sentence words after 1st comma)304
252Rep.
2535132
254Rep.
2615131
262Rep.
2635131
264-271Rep.
2725111
273 (1st, 2d sentences)5132
273 (last sentence)5122
2745121
2755111
2765112
2775121
278, 2795131
280Rep.
2815131
282Rep.
283 (1st sentence)5131
283 (2d, last sentences)5133
284-286Rep.
2875131
291Rep.
2925131
293, 294Rep.
301-304Rep.
311-315aRep.
315b5118
316-316dRep.
317(a), (b)5112
317(c)Rep.
317a, 317bRep.
317c5120
317d to 317e-1Rep.
317f321
318-320Rep.
3215112
3225111
323Rep.
3245112
324a5114
324b to 324c5112
324d, 324eRep.
324f5131
324gRep.
324h5111
324iRep.
3255121
326Rep.
327-3305121
331, 3325122
333Rep.
3345122
3355116
336-339Rep.
3405111
341Rep.
3425111
343, 3445121
3455111
3465112
3475121
348, 349Rep.
350, 3515113
352Rep.
3535111
354-3565133
357, 3585122
359Rep.
3605121
361 (1st sentence words before 1st comma)5131
361 (1st sentence words after 1st comma, last sentence)5132
3625121
363Rep.
3645102
3655133
366Rep.
367, 3685111
3695132
370Rep.
3715101
3725151
373-388oRep.
391(a)5111
391(b)-(d)5112
3925103
393(a)5111
393(b)Rep.
3945116
395, 3965111
397321
398(1)-(4), (6)5112
398(5)5113
3995112
401, 4025115
403Rep.
4045119
405, 405aRep.
405a-15116
405a-2, 405a-35119
405b5117
406-408Rep.
408a (last proviso)5117
408a (less last proviso)5119
408b to 412Rep.
413-4165114
417Rep.
418, 418a5114
4195114
4205119
421, 4225120
423Rep.
4245153
425, 4265154
427321
428-430Rep.
440Rep.
4415117
442, 443Rep.
444 (1st sentence words between 2d and 3d semicolons)5119
444 (less 1st sentence words between 2d and 3d semicolons)Rep.
445, 446Rep.
448-448eRep.
449Rep.
449a5152
449b, 449cRep.
451-455Rep.
4565103
457-462Rep.
463, 463 note5118
471Rep.
472302
4733303
474-483Rep.
483a9701
483bT. 10 Sec. 1042
4843302
485Rep.
486321
486a to 488Rep.
488aT. 16 Sec. 580o-2
488b to 488b-2Rep.
488b-3T. 16 Sec. 580o
488b-4T. 16 Sec. 580o-1
488b-5T. 16 Sec. 580o-3
488b-6T. 16 Sec. 580o-4
489T. 40 Sec. 485a
489aT. 10 Sec. 2636
4903302
491Rep.
492(a)3322
492(b)-(d)3332
492 note3332
492-13321
492-2Rep.
492a-492c3342
492dRep.
493T. 10 Sec. 4841
493aT. 10 Sec. 2776
493b, 494Rep.
4953302
495aRep.
496, 4973522
497a3532
4983522
499-504bRep.
5053545
506, 5073541
5083542
509Rep.
510-5133542
5143541
5163541
517-5193543
5203544
5213302
5223304
523, 524Rep.
5253302
5263327
5273328
528(a)-(c)3331
528(d)321
528(e)Rep.
528(f), (g)3331
528(h)Rep.
5293324
529aRep.
529bT. 19 Sec. 2076
529cT. 19 Sec. 2077
529dT. 19 Sec. 2078
529eT. 19 Sec. 2079
529fT. 19 Sec. 2080
529g, 529hRep.
529i, 529jT. 10 Sec. 2395
530Rep.
530a, 530b3324
531T. 15 Sec. 196
532T. 28 Sec. 571
533Rep.
534T. 16 Sec. 556d
535T. 22 Sec. 268b
536, 537T. 10 Sec. 2777
5383526
539, 540T. 10 Sec. 2777
5413526
542, 543Rep.
5443341
5453302
546Rep.
547T. 22 Sec. 2668a
547a9702
5483305
549Rep.
550T. 33 Sec. 877
551, 5521345
553T. 42 Sec. 3514
554Rep.
555T. 26 Sec. 4986 note
561-563a3343
564321
571Rep.
5811104
581 note1303
581a1104
581b1108
581c1531
581c-1Rep.
581d3530
582-622Rep.
6231104
624-626Rep.
627, 6281301
628-11532
628-2, 628-3T. 10 Sec. 2779
628a1534
629-638Rep.
638a(a)-(c)(1)1343
638a(c)(2) (1st, last sentences)1344
638a(c)(2) (2d sentence)1349
638a(d)Rep.
638a(e)1343
638a-11343
638bT. 33 Sec. 576a
638c1343 note
638d, 638e1343
638fElim.
639-649Rep.
649aT. 10 Sec. 956 note
649bRep.
649cT. 10 Sec. 2394
650Rep.
650aT. 37 Sec. 406
650b to 660Rep.
661T. 33 Sec. 878
662T. 16 Sec. 754a
663, 663aRep.
664Rep.
665(a)1341
665(b)1342
665(c) (less (1) (last sentence))1512
665(c)(1) (last sentence)1511
665(d)(1), (2) (1st-4th sentences, 6th sentence 1st-22d words)1513
665(d)(2) (5th sentence, 6th sentence less 1st-22d words)1511
665(d)(2) (last sentence related to spending and obligations)1341
665(d)(2) (last sentence related to voluntary services)1342
665(d)(2) (last sentence related to price supports)1511
665(e)1515
665(f)(1)1516
665(f)(2)1511
665(g) (1st sentence)1513
665(g) (less 1st sentence)1514
665(h)1517
665(i)(1) (words before semicolon related to (a), (b))1549
665(i)(1) (words after semicolon related to (a), (b))1550
665(i)(1) (words before semicolon related to (h))1518
665(i)(1) (words after semicolon related to (h))1519
665(i)(2) (related to (a), (b))1351
665(i)(2) (related to (h))1517
665a1515
665b1502
666T. 10 Sec. 4541
667Rep.
668T. 41 Sec. 11a
668a1308
669 (words before semicolon)1513
669 (words after semicolon)1341
6701302
671T. 2 Sec. 68-2, 95a
671aRep.
672, 6731346
674-678Rep.
679-680a1348
681Rep.
6821307
683-685Rep.
685a1537
686(a)1535
686(b)1536
686(c)1535
686-11535
686-23324
686aRep.
686b(a), (b), (c) (related to 31:686, 686b)1535
686b(c) (related to 31:686)1536
686c to 688Rep.
689T. 40 Sec. 166a-1
690Rep.
6911346
692T. 43 Sec. 1470
693T. 43 Sec. 1471
693aT. 28 Sec. 524
694, 695Rep.
6961347
6971533
698T. 32 Sec. 107
698aT. 37 Sec. 1012
699T. 42 Sec. 2459a
699a1309
699bT. 5 Sec. 3101 note
700T. 10 Sec. 1584 note
700a, 700bElim.
700cRep.
700dT. 38 Sec. 203
701(a), (b)1552
701(c) (1st sentence)1551
701(c) (last sentence), (d)1552
7021553
703(a)1554
703(b)1556
704Rep.
7051552
7061555
7071551
7081557
711(1)-(3)1305
711(4)-(11)Rep.
711(11a)-(23)1305
712Rep.
712a1502
712b to 716Rep.
717, 7181301
719, 720Rep.
7211310
722T. 2 Sec. 30
723, 723aT. 10 Sec. 2661a
7241306
724a (1st sentence)1304
724a (last sentence)T. 39 Sec. 409
725Rep.
725a to 725dElim.
725eRep.
725fElim.
725gRep.
725hT. 24 Sec. 21b
725i to 725kRep.
725l, 725mElim.
725n, 725oRep.
725p(a) (last sentence)331
725p (less (a) (last sentence))Rep.
725p note1322
725p-11322
725q(a) (last sentence)331
725q (less (a) (last sentence))Rep.
725q-11322
725q-1a1324
725q-2T. 18 Sec. 3150a
725r1323
725s (less (a) (last sentence last proviso))1321
725s(a) (last sentence last proviso)1322
725s-1T. 25 Sec. 385a
725s-2T. 25 Sec. 385b
725s-3T. 25 Sec. 385c
725s-4T. 18 Sec. 4043
725t, 725uRep.
725v(a)Rep.
725v(b) (related to marshals)T. 28 Sec. 572a
725v(b) (related to clerks)T. 28 Sec. 2043
725w1503
725x to 725zRep.
731-733 (words before semicolon)3123
733 (words after semicolon), 7345116
734a to 738Rep.
738a3125
7393121
7403127
741Rep.
741a324
742, 742a3124
743-751Rep.
752 (1st-4th pars. less 2d par. form of bonds)3102
752 (2d par. related to form of bonds)3121
752 (last par.)3107
752aRep.
753(a) (less form of notes, certificates of indebtedness, and Treasury bills)3103
753(a) (related to form of notes, certificates of indebtedness, and Treasury bills)3121
753(b)Rep.
753(c)3103
753(d) (1st sentence)3108
753(d) (2d sentence)3123
753(d) (last sentence related to 31:771)3122
753(d) (last sentence less related to 31:771)3129
754(a) (less form of certificates of indebtedness and Treasury bills, finality)3104
754(a) (related to form of certificates of indebtedness and Treasury bills, finality)3121
754(b)Rep.
754(c)T. 12 Sec. 221
754(d)Rep.
754a3111
754b3121
755-757Rep.
757a(See former 405b)
757b, 757b-13101
757b-2Rep.
757c(a)-(d) (1st sentence)3105
757c(d) (last sentence)3108
757c(e)3129
757c(f), (g)Rep.
757c(h)3105
757c(i) (1st-6th sentences)3126
757c(i) (last sentence)331
757c(j)3105
757c-1Rep.
757c-2(a)-(c) (1st sentence)3106
757c-2(c) (last sentence)3108
757c-2(d)3106
757c-33109
757c-4, 757c-53121
757d3128
757e3113
757f331
7583108
759-7613129
761a to 765Rep.
7663123
7673112
767aRep.
767b3112
768 (words before semicolon)3123
768 (words after semicolon)3121
769, 770Rep.
771, 7723122
772a3121
773Rep.
773a-773d5118
774Rep.
801-8043110
804a to 809Rep.
8215301
8225304
822a(a)-(c)5302
822a(d)325
822b5117, 5119, 5304
823, 824Rep.
841Rep.
8469101
847, 8489103
8499104
8509105
8519106
8529109
8569101
8579105
8589106
8591105
8669105
8679107
868 (less (d) (1st sentence related to 31:867))9108
868(d) (1st sentence related to 31:867)9107
869(a)9102
869(b)Rep.
8709107
871Rep. See T. 40 Sec. 33a
901-9043113
9115119
912, 913Rep.
914-9175119
931-937Rep.
9385303
9513701
952(a)-(d)(3)3711
952(d)(4)3701
952(e)(1) (1st to 3d sentences)3717
952(e)(1) (last sentence)3701
952(e)(2)-(7)3717
952(e)(8)3701
952(f)3718
952 note3711
9533711 note
954(a)-(d)3716
954(e)3701
9553719
971-973Rep.
1001301
1002 (less words between 4th and 5th semicolons)321
1002 (words between 4th and 5th semicolons)331
1003329
1004-1005a301
1006, 1007301
1008Rep.
1009301
1010 (related to seal)301
1010 (related to books, papers, and records)Rep.
1011321
1012, 1013Rep.
1014328
1015Rep.
1016309
1017321
1018329
1019Rep.
10201102
1020-1, 1020aRep.
1021, 1022Rep.
1023(a)321
1023(b)3302
1023(c)T. 18 Sec. 3059
1024321
1025Rep.
1026330
1027331
1028Rep.
1029, 1030331
1031, 1032326
1033322
1034T. 21 Sec. 967
1035T. 21 Sec. 968
1036T. 21 Sec. 969
1037T. 26 Sec. 7802
1038323
10515311
1052(a)-(i)5312
1052(j)5319
1052(k)Rep.
1052(l)5312
1053321
1054(a), (b) (1st sentence)5318
1054(b) (last sentence related to civil penalties)5321
1054(b) (last sentence related to criminal penalties)5322
10555318
10565321
10575320
1058, 10595322
1060Rep.
10615319
1062Rep.
1081-10835313
11015316
11025317
1103, 11045321
11055317
1121, 11225314
1141, 11425315
1143(a)5321
1143(b) (words before last comma)5320
1143(b) (words after last comma)5321
1151, 1152(a), (b)1112
1152(c)-(f)1113
1153(a)-(c)1113
1153(d)1112
1154(a)-(c)717
1154(d) (1st sentence)702
1154(d) (last sentence)731
1154(e)719
1155(a)702
1155(b)719
1156Rep.
1157717, 719, 720, 1112
1171-1174719
1175(a)734
1175(b)719
1175(c)734
1176720
12019302
12023530
1203, 1204Rep.
12216702
1222, 1223Rep.
1224(a)(1), (2) (related to trustee)6703
1224(a)(2) (related to report)6724
1224(b)Rep.
1224(c), (d), (e)6703
1225(a), (b)6707
1225(c)Rep.
1226(a)(1)(A)6705
1226(a)(1)(B)6707
1226(a)(2)6705
1226(b)6706
1226(c)Rep.
1227(a), (b)(1)6708
1227(b)(2), (3)6709
1227(b)(4)6708
1227(b)(5)6709
1227(b)(6), (7)6712
1227(c)6711
1227(d)6701
1227(e)6710
1228(a)(1)6713
1228(a)(2)6707
1228(a)(3)6701
1228(a)(4)6707
1228(a)(5)6702
1228(a)(6)6712
1228(a)(7)6713
1228(b)6707
1228(c)(1)6707
1228(c)(2)(A)6701
1228(c)(2)(B)6707
1228(d)6708
1228(e)6709
1228(f)(1)6707
1228(f)(2)6708
1228(f)(3), (last sentence)6709
1228(g)6707
1228(h)6713
1241(a)6724
1241(b), (c)6714
1241(d)6724
1241(e)6714, 6724
1241(f)6724
1241(g)6714
1242(a)6716
1242(b)(1)-(3)(B) (1st sentence)6717
1242(b)(3)(B) (2d sentence)6718
1242(b)(3)(B) (last sentence)6717
1242(b)(3)(C)6718
1242(b)(3)(D), (E)6717
1242(c)(1)6701
1242(c)(2), (3) (related to proceedings)6717
1242(c)(3) (related to suspensions and terminations)6718
1242(c)(4)6701
1242(d)6719
1242(e), (f)6718
1242(g)6720
1242(h)6716
1243(a), (b)6704
1243(c)6723
1243(d)6715
1243 note7301-7305
12446721
12456723
1261(a)6703, 6724
1261(b)(1)-(7)Rep.
1261(b)(8)6701
1261(c)6701
1262(a)321
1262(b)Rep.
12636722
12646713
1265Rep.
1301T. 2 Sec. 621
1302T. 2 Sec. 622
1303T. 2 Sec. 623
1321T. 2 Sec. 631
1322T. 2 Sec. 632
1323T. 2 Sec. 633
1324T. 2 Sec. 634
1325T. 2 Sec. 635
1326T. 2 Sec. 636
1327T. 2 Sec. 637
1328T. 2 Sec. 638
1329T. 2 Sec. 639
1330T. 2 Sec. 640
1331T. 2 Sec. 641
1332T. 2 Sec. 642
1351T. 2 Sec. 651
1352T. 2 Sec. 652
1353T. 2 Sec. 653
1400T. 2 Sec. 681
1401T. 2 Sec. 682
1402T. 2 Sec. 683
1403T. 2 Sec. 684
1404T. 2 Sec. 685
1405T. 2 Sec. 686
1406T. 2 Sec. 687
1407T. 2 Sec. 688
1501-1510Rep.
1521-1531Elim.
16016902
16026903
16036904
16046903
16056902
16066901
16076906
17016101
1702Rep.
17036102
1704(a)-(c)6103
1704(d), (e)6102
17056104
1706Rep.
17076105
1801(a)(1)3902
1801(a)(2)3903
1801(b)-(d)3902
18023904
18033906
18043905
1805-18063901

ENACTING CLAUSE

Section 1 of Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 877, provided in part that: ''Certain general and permanent laws of the United States, related to money and finance, are revised, codified, and enacted as title 31, United States Code, 'Money and Finance'. . . .'

LEGISLATIVE PURPOSE; INCONSISTENT PROVISIONS

Section 4(a) of Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, provided that: ''Sections 1-3 of this Act restate, without substantive change, laws enacted before April 16, 1982, that were replaced by those sections. Those sections may not be construed as making a substantive change in the laws replaced. Laws enacted after April 15, 1982, that are inconsistent with this Act supersede this Act to the extent of the inconsistency.'

REFERENCES TO OTHER LAWS

Section 4(b) of Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, provided that: ''A reference to a law replaced by sections 1-3 of this Act, including a reference in a regulation, order, or other law, is deemed to refer to the corresponding provision enacted by this Act.'

OUTSTANDING ORDERS, RULES, AND REGULATIONS

Section 4(c) of Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, provided that: ''An order, rule, or regulation in effect under a law replaced by sections 1-3 of this Act continues in effect under the corresponding provision enacted by this Act until repealed, amended, or superseded.'

SAVINGS PROVISION

Section 4(d) of Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, provided that: ''An action taken or an offense committed under a law replaced by sections 1-3 of this Act is deemed to have been taken or committed under the corresponding provision enacted by this Act.'

LEGISLATIVE CONSTRUCTION

Section 4(e) of Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, provided that: ''An inference of a legislative construction is not to be drawn by reason of the location in the United States Code of a provision enacted by this Act or by reason of the caption or catchline of the provision.'

SEVERABILITY

Section 4(f) of Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 877, provided that: ''If a provision enacted by this Act is held invalid, all valid provisions that are severable from the invalid provision remain in effect. If a provision of this Act is held invalid in any of its applications, the provision remains valid for all valid applications that are severable from any of the invalid applications.'

REPEALS

Section 6(a) of Pub. L. 98-216, Feb. 14, 1984, 98 Stat. 7, provided that: ''The repeal of a law enacted by this Act may not be construed as a legislative inference that the provision was or was not in effect before its repeal.''

Section 6(b) of Pub. L. 98-216, Feb. 14, 1984, 98 Stat. 7, repealed specified laws, except for rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun before Feb. 14, 1984.

Section 4(a) of Pub. L. 97-452, Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2479, provided that: ''The repeal of a law enacted by this Act may not be construed as a legislative inference that the provision was or was not in effect before its repeal.''

Section 4(b) of Pub. L. 97-452, Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2480, repealed specified laws, except for rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun before Jan. 12, 1983.

Section 5(a) of Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1068, provided that: ''The repeal of a law by this Act may not be construed as a legislative inference that the provision was or was not in effect before its repeal.''

Section 5(b) of Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1068, repealed the sections or parts thereof of the Revised Statutes or Statutes at Large codified in this title, except for rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun before Sept. 13, 1982

IMPROVEMENT OF UNITED STATES CODE BY PUB. L. 98-216; LEGISLATIVE PURPOSE; INCONSISTENT PROVISIONS; CORRESPONDING PROVISIONS; SAVINGS AND SEPARABILITY OF PROVISIONS

Pub. L. 98-216, Sec. 5, Feb. 14, 1984, 98 Stat. 7, provided that: ''(a) Sections 1-4 of this Act restate, without substantive change, laws enacted before April 1, 1983, that were replaced by those sections. Sections 1-4 may not be construed as making a substantive change in the laws replaced. Laws enacted after March 31, 1983, that are inconsistent with this Act supersede this Act to the extent of the inconsistency. ''(b) A reference to a law replaced by sections 1-4 of this Act, including a reference in a regulation, order, or other law, is deemed to refer to the corresponding provision enacted by this Act. ''(c) An order, rule, or regulation in effect under a law replaced by sections 1-4 of this Act continues in effect under the corresponding provision enacted by this Act until repealed, amended, or superseded. ''(d) An action taken or an offense committed under a law replaced by sections 1-4 of this Act is deemed to have been taken or committed under the corresponding provision enacted by this Act. ''(e) An inference of a legislative construction is not to be drawn by reason of the location in the United States Code of a provision enacted by this Act or by reason of the caption or catchline of the provision. ''(f) If a provision enacted by this Act is held invalid, all valid provisions that are severable from the invalid provision remain in effect. If a provision of this Act is held invalid in any of its applications, the provision remains valid for all valid applications that are severable from any of the invalid applications.''

IMPROVEMENT OF UNITED STATES CODE BY PUB. L. 97-452; LEGISLATIVE PURPOSE; INCONSISTENT PROVISIONS; CORRESPONDING PROVISIONS; SAVINGS AND SEPARABILITY OF PROVISIONS

Pub. L. 97-452, Sec. 3, Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2479, provided that: ''(a) Sections 1 and 2 of this Act restate, without substantive change, laws enacted before December 1, 1982, that were replaced by those sections. Sections 1 and 2 may not be construed as making a substantive change in the laws replaced. Laws enacted after November 30, 1982, that are inconsistent with this Act supersede this Act to the extent of the inconsistency. ''(b) A reference to a law replaced by sections 1 and 2 of this Act, including a reference in a regulation, order, or other law, is deemed to refer to the corresponding provision enacted by this Act. ''(c) An order, rule, or regulation in effect under a law replaced by sections 1 and 2 of this Act continues in effect under the corresponding provision enacted by this Act until repealed, amended, or superseded. ''(d) An action taken or an offense committed under a law replaced by sections 1 and 2 of this Act is deemed to have been taken or committed under the corresponding provision enacted by this Act. ''(e) An inference of a legislative construction is not to be drawn by reason of the location in the United States Code of a provision enacted by this Act or by reason of the caption or catchline of the provision. ''(f) If a provision enacted by this Act is held invalid, all valid provisions that are severable from the invalid provision remain in effect. If a provision of this Act is held invalid in any of its applications, the provision remains valid for all valid applications that are severable from any of the invalid applications.'

TITLE REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This title is referred to in title 12 sections 93, 1464, 1722d, 1786, 1818; title 26 section 6050I; title 28 section 613; title 40 section 490b; title 49 section 24301

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