(a) Preference

The head of each executive agency shall ensure that, to the maximum extent practicable -

(1)

requirements of the executive agency with respect to a procurement of supplies or services are stated in terms of -

(A)

functions to be performed;

(B)

performance required; or

(C)

essential physical characteristics;

(2)

such requirements are defined so that commercial items or, to the extent that commercial items suitable to meet the executive agency's needs are not available, nondevelopmental items other than commercial items, may be procured to fulfill such requirements; and

(3)

offerors of commercial items and nondevelopmental items other than commercial items are provided an opportunity to compete in any procurement to fill such requirements.

(b) Implementation

The head of each executive agency shall ensure that procurement officials in that executive agency, to the maximum extent practicable -

(1)

acquire commercial items or nondevelopmental items other than commercial items to meet the needs of the executive agency;

(2)

require prime contractors and subcontractors at all levels under the executive agency contracts to incorporate commercial items or nondevelopmental items other than commercial items as components of items supplied to the executive agency;

(3)

modify requirements in appropriate cases to ensure that the requirements can be met by commercial items or, to the extent that commercial items suitable to meet the executive agency's needs are not available, nondevelopmental items other than commercial items;

(4)

state specifications in terms that enable and encourage bidders and offerors to supply commercial items or, to the extent that commercial items suitable to meet the executive agency's needs are not available, nondevelopmental items other than commercial items in response to the executive agency solicitations;

(5)

revise the executive agency's procurement policies, practices, and procedures not required by law to reduce any impediments in those policies, practices, and procedures to the acquisition of commercial items; and

(6)

require training of appropriate personnel in the acquisition of commercial items.

(c) Preliminary market research

(1)

The head of an executive agency shall conduct market research appropriate to the circumstances -

(A)

before developing new specifications for a procurement by that executive agency; and

(B)

before soliciting bids or proposals for a contract in excess of the simplified acquisition threshold.

(2)

The head of an executive agency shall use the results of market research to determine whether there are commercial items or, to the extent that commercial items suitable to meet the executive agency's needs are not available, nondevelopmental items other than commercial items available that -

(A)

meet the executive agency's requirements;

(B)

could be modified to meet the executive agency's requirements; or

(C)

could meet the executive agency's requirements if those requirements were modified to a reasonable extent.

(3)

In conducting market research, the head of an executive agency should not require potential sources to submit more than the minimum information that is necessary to make the determinations required in paragraph (2)