It is prohibited for any person -

(1)

to provide, attempt to provide, or offer to provide any kickback;

(2)

to solicit, accept, or attempt to accept any kickback; or

(3)

to include, directly or indirectly, the amount of any kickback prohibited by clause (1) or (2) in the contract price charged by a subcontractor to a prime contractor or a higher tier subcontractor or in the contract price charged by a prime contractor to the United States