Editor’s Note: The reach of the common law umbrella is vast and transcends our current emphasis on regulatory proceedings.
Common law perspective
For common law jurisdictions, there is no single definition of force majeure. The application of the doctrine is decided on a case-by-case basis.
When the contract is governed by a common law system, the courts will generally start from the presumption that parties are free to agree on all matters, which includes the freedom to agree to widen or narrow relief in force majeure situations. Generally, force majeure provisions are interpreted by focusing on the actual language used, with the result that each case rests on its own contractual language and set of facts.