EPA proposed a rule (RIN: 2080-AAI4) under which the agency would “require that the underlying data for all scientific studies used by the agency to formulate air and water regulations be publicly available.” The EPA Administrator was quoted as saying “The science that we use is going to be transparent. It’s going to be reproducible.”
If enacted and enforced, EPA’s rule would (1) be consistent with the US Data Access and Data Quality statutes and (2) match similar standards for transparency in environmental science that have been established by the UK’s Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). NERC’s Data Policy explains that “The environmental data produced by the activities funded by NERC are considered a public good and they will be made openly available for others to use.” Moreover, NERC’s Data Policy emphasizes the centrality of the government maintaining open access to data it funds so that others can challenge it: